Exp. | Initial A (mol/L) | Initial B (mol/L) | Init. Rate of Formation of C (M min-1) |
1 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 3.0 x 10-4 |
2 | 0.30 | 0.30 | 9.0 x 10-4 |
3 | 0.10 | 0.30 | 3.0 x 10-4 |
4 | 0.20 | 0.40 | 6.0 x 10-4 |
Look at trial 1 and trial 2. B is held constant while A triples. The result is that the rate triples. Conclusion: A is first order.
Exp. | Initial A (mmol/L) | Initial B (mmol/L) | Init. Rate of Formation of products (mM min-1) |
1 | 4.0 | 6.0 | 1.60 |
2 | 2.0 | 6.0 | 0.80 |
3 | 4.0 | 3.0 | 0.40 |
Exp. | Initial A (mol/L) | Initial B (mol/L) | Init. Rate of Formation of products (M s-1) |
1 | 0.040 | 0.040 | 9.6 x 10-6 |
2 | 0.080 | 0.040 | 1.92 x 10-5 |
3 | 0.080 | 0.020 | 9.6 x 10-6 |
rate = k [A] [B]
2ClO2(aq) + 2OH¯(aq) ---> ClO3¯(aq) + ClO2¯(aq) + H2O(l)
Determination #1: [ClO2]o = 1.25 x 10¯2 M; [OH¯]o = 1.30 x 10¯3 M
Initial rate for formation of ClO3¯ = 2.33 x 10¯4 M s-1
Determination #2: [ClO2]o = 2.50 x 10¯2 M; [OH¯]o = 1.30 x 10¯3 M
Initial rate for formation of ClO3¯ = 9.34 x 10¯4 M s-1
Determination #3: [ClO2]o = 2.50 x 10¯2 M; [OH¯]o = 2.60 x 10¯3 M
Initial rate for formation of ClO3¯ =1.87 x 10¯3 M s-1
Exp. | [A] | [B] | Initial rate of formation of C |
1 | 0.6 | 0.15 | 6.3 x 10-3 |
2 | 0.2 | 0.6 | 2.8 x 10-3 |
3 | 0.2 | 0.15 | 7.0 x 10-4 |
Exp. | [CH3CHO] | [CO] | Rate (M s-1) |
1 | 0.30 | 0.20 | 0.60 |
2 | 0.10 | 0.30 | 0.067 |
3 | 0.10 | 0.20 | 0.067 |
Trial | [Q] | [X] | Rate |
1 | 0.12 M | 0.10 M | 1.5 x 10-3 M/min |
2 | 0.24 M | 0.10 M | 3.0 x 10-3 M/min |
3 | 0.12 M | 0.20 M | 1.2 x 10-2 M/min |
Trial | [NO]o | [O2]o | Initial reaction rate, M/s |
1 | 0.020 | 0.010 | 0.028 |
2 | 0.020 | 0.020 | 0.057 |
3 | 0.040 | 0.020 | 0.227 |
A + B ---> 2C
(a) rate = k [A]2 [B]
(b) rate = k [A] [B]
(c) rate = k [A] [B]2
(d) rate = k [A]1/2 [B]
R = k[1]0.5 = 1
R = k[2]0.5 = 1.4
R = k[4]0.5 = 2
R = k[8]0.5 = 2.8
R = k[16]0.5 = 4
The reaction rate is not doubled when you double the concentration. Notice that when the concentration changed from 2 to 8, the R went from 1.4 to 2.8. So when the concentration is quadrupled, the R doubles.
When the concentration doubles, the rate goes up by a factor which is the square root of two.